| Decommissioning in Italy (The Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities in OECD/NEA Member Countries - Italian National fact sheet by ANPA)
1 - Present Status of the Italian nuclear installations
2 - Legal and Regulatory Framework 3 - The initial strategy 4 - Government strategy change and the role of SOGIN 5 - Current programs and main issues 6 - The management of radioactive wastes and spent fuel 7 - The National repository 8 - Funding
4. Government strategy change and the role of SOGIN
4.1 The creation of SOGIN Until recently the activities in the field of waste management and decommissioning have been carried out by the owners and licensee of the nuclear installations (ENEL for power plants and mainly ENEA for other facilities), without co-ordination in absence of a common strategy.
In the context of the privatisation and liberalisation of the electric energy market, and according to the Legislative Decree March 16 1999 n. 79, all ENEL’s liabilities and assets (including manpower and resources) related to nuclear power have been assigned to a newly established company, named SO.G.I.N. (Società Gestione Impianti Nucleari, hereafter SOGIN). SOGIN has been operational since November 1st 1999; its shares have been transferred on November 3rd, 2000 to the Ministry of Economy. However SOGIN programs shall comply with technical directives issued by MAP.
The mission of SOGIN covers: - the decommissioning of the NPP’s in Italy;
- the disposal of the low and intermediate radioactive wastes resulting from the past operation and from the dismantling activities;
- the temporary storage of the high level wastes (resulting from the reprocessing of the spent fuel) and of the no reprocessed spent fuel.
In accordance with a long term strategy of coordination of decommissioning programs, licenses of the ENEA and FN facilities have been transferred to SOGIN in 2003, while the property and personnel transfer will be completed shortly.
4.2 The Government change of strategy Several motivations have been at the basis of the Ministry of Industry change of strategy made public with a document issued on December 1999, covering all aspects of the closure of the past nuclear activities in Italy.
The Ministry’s statement outlines three main goals: - treatment and conditioning, within a 10 year period, of all liquid and solid radwaste currently in on-site storage, mostly produced during plant operations;
- site selection and construction of a national repository for low and intermediate level wastes, also within 10 years; the same site would be used for temporary storage of high level long lived wastes, particularly spent fuel and wastes resulting from reprocessing;
- decommissioning of the nuclear plants, proceeding directly to the dismantling stage in order to reach release of the site with no radiological constraints in about 20 years (“prompt decommissioning” or DECON strategy).
- A similar target has been indicated for other facilities in 15 years
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